CANNABINOIDS & TUMORS / CANCER

ALSalamat HA, Abuarab SF, Salamah HM, Ishqair AH, Dwikat MF, Nourelden AZ, Qandil AN, Barakat Y, Barakat M. Cannabis and cancer: unveiling the potential of a green ally in breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer. J Cannabis Res. 2024 May 16;6(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s42238-024-00233-z. PMID: 38755733; PMCID: PMC11097556.  Link here: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38755733/ 

Pennant NM, Hinton CV. The evolution of cannabinoid receptors in cancer. WIREs Mech Dis. 2023 Jul-Aug;15(4):e1602. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1602. Epub 2023 Feb 7. PMID: 36750231; PMCID: PMC10484301. Link here:  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36750231/ 

Scott KA, Dalgleish AG, Liu WM. Anticancer effects of phytocannabinoids used with chemotherapy in leukaemia cells can be improved by altering the sequence of their administration. Int J Oncol. 2017 Jul;51(1):369-377. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4022. Epub 2017 May 29. PMID: 28560402.  Link here:  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28560402/ 

Velasco G, Hernández-Tiedra S, Dávila D, Lorente M. The use of cannabinoids as anticancer agents. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2016 Jan 4;64:259-66. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.05.010. Epub 2015 Jun 10. PMID: 26071989.  Link here: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26071989/ 

Marcu JP, Christian RT, Lau D, Zielinski AJ, Horowitz MP, Lee J, Pakdel A, Allison J, Limbad C, Moore DH, Yount GL, Desprez PY, McAllister SD. Cannabidiol enhances the inhibitory effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on human glioblastoma cell proliferation and survival. Mol Cancer Ther. 2010 Jan;9(1):180-9. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-09-0407. Epub 2010 Jan 6. PMID: 20053780; PMCID: PMC2806496. Link here: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20053780/ 

Blázquez C, Salazar M, Carracedo A, Lorente M, Egia A, González-Feria L, Haro A, Velasco G, Guzmán M. Cannabinoids inhibit glioma cell invasion by down-regulating matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression. Cancer Res. 2008 Mar 15;68(6):1945-52. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-5176. PMID: 18339876. Link here:  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18339876/ 

Guzmán M, Duarte MJ, Blázquez C, Ravina J, Rosa MC, Galve-Roperh I, Sánchez C, Velasco G, González-Feria L. A pilot clinical study of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Br J Cancer. 2006 Jul 17;95(2):197-203. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603236. Epub 2006 Jun 27. PMID: 16804518; PMCID: PMC2360617.  Link here:  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2360617/ 

1. Pain Management  / Neuropathic pain 

• Study: "Cannabis for the Treatment of Chronic Pain in Adults: A Systematic Review" (2017)

  • Symptom: Chronic pain associated with cancer

  • Formulation/Route: Inhaled THC-CBD balanced products (vaporizers, smoking) 

  • Findings: This systematic review found moderate evidence that inhaled THC and CBD can reduce chronic pain levels in cancer patients.

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• Study: "Cannabis-Based Medicines in Cancer Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" (2018)

  • Symptom: Cancer-related pain

  • Formulation/Route: Oral THC-CBD extracts (capsules, oils)

  • Findings: Patients experienced significant pain reduction with THC-CBD oral extracts compared to placebo.

  • Source: British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology

2. Nausea and Vomiting

• Study: "Efficacy of Cannabis-Based Medicines for the Control of Nausea and Vomiting in Chemotherapy" (2013)

  • Symptom: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV)

  • Formulation/Route: Oral THC (dronabinol) and synthetic THC analog (nabilone) 

  • Findings: Cannabinoid-based medications were effective in reducing nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy, showing superiority over placebo and some standard antiemetics.

  • Source: Journal of Clinical Oncology

• Study: "A Review of Medical Cannabis Studies on Nausea in Cancer Patients" (2016)

  • Symptom: Nausea from chemotherapy

  • Formulation/Route: Oral and sublingual THC-CBD oils

  • Findings: Sublingual oils allowed rapid onset of symptom relief, with a higher patient preference for oral routes in long-term management.

  • Source: Journal of Pain and Symptom Management

3. Appetite Stimulation

• Study: "Effect of Cannabis-Based Medicine on Cancer-Related Anorexia-Cachexia Syndrome: A Review" (2015)

  • Symptom: Anorexia and cachexia (weight loss) in cancer patients

  • Formulation/Route: Oral THC (dronabinol) capsules

  • Findings: THC was associated with increased appetite and weight gain in patients suffering from cancer-related anorexia and cachexia.

  • Source: Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle

• Study: "THC/CBD Oromucosal Spray as a Novel Treatment Option for Cancer-Associated Anorexia-Cachexia Syndrome" (2017)

  • Symptom: Reduced appetite and weight loss

  • Formulation/Route: Oromucosal spray (THC-CBD)

  • Findings: Patients reported increased appetite and mild weight gain, showing THC-CBD as effective for short-term management.

  • Source: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology

4. Sleep Disturbances

• Study: "Cannabis for Cancer-Related Insomnia: A Pilot Study" (2018)

  • Symptom: Insomnia and disrupted sleep in cancer patients

  • Formulation/Route: Inhaled THC-CBD via vaporizer and oral CBD capsules

  • Findings: Inhaled THC-CBD mixture led to faster sleep onset, while oral CBD promoted sustained sleep throughout the night.

  • Source: Journal of Palliative Medicine

• Study: "Efficacy of Cannabinoids on Sleep and Quality of Life in Advanced Cancer Patients" (2019)

  • Symptom: Sleep disturbances in late-stage cancer

  • Formulation/Route: Oral THC-CBD oil drops

  • Findings: Improved sleep quality and reduced nighttime awakenings were reported in patients taking low-dose THC-CBD drops before bed.

  • Source: Palliative & Supportive Care

5. Anxiety and Depression

• Study: "Cannabis for the Treatment of Anxiety in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review" (2020)

  • Symptom: Anxiety and depression related to cancer diagnosis and treatment

  • Formulation/Route: Oral CBD oil or capsules

  • Findings: CBD demonstrated anxiolytic effects without psychoactive side effects, showing potential for managing anxiety symptoms in cancer patients.

  • Source: Frontiers in Psychology

• Study: "The Use of Cannabidiol in the Treatment of Anxiety and Depression in Cancer Patients" (2018)

  • Symptom: Depression and anxiety in cancer patients

  • Formulation/Route: Sublingual CBD

  • Findings: Patients taking sublingual CBD reported reduced anxiety and depressive symptoms, with a preference for non-psychoactive routes.

  • Source: Journal of Psycho-Oncology

6. Neuropathic Pain

• Study: "Effectiveness of Cannabis-Based Medicine for Neuropathic Pain in Cancer Patients" (2017)

  • Symptom: Neuropathic pain from cancer or cancer treatments

  • Formulation/Route: Inhaled THC and CBD balanced strain

  • Findings: Patients reported significant relief from neuropathic pain with inhaled cannabis products, with vaporization preferred for quick symptom relief.

  • Source: Journal of Pain Research

• Study: "Transdermal CBD in Cancer-Related Neuropathy: A Pilot Study" (2020)

  • Symptom: Peripheral neuropathy from chemotherapy

  • Formulation/Route: Transdermal CBD patch

  • Findings: Patients using the transdermal patch experienced moderate relief of neuropathic symptoms, with minimal adverse effects.

  • Source: Pain Medicine